Transmission System Operation

Overview

The program is aimed principally at power system operators in the new ISO and power pools. However, we also expect interest from the new entrants to the power business such as brokers, traders, and independent generators. For this reason a certain amount of necessary standard practice material is included in the program to provide a base on which to build the more advanced techniques.

Who Benefits:

Power system operators.

Language Availability:

Video: English, Spanish and Mandarin
CD-ROM: English
VCD: English and Mandarin
MPEG: English and Mandarin
WEB: English

Format:

• Web (SCORM Version)
• Video
• CD-ROM
• MPEG
• VCD

Video Support Material:

Reproducible student workbook and instructor guide available with each module.

View the Learning Objectives

Program Segments

7501 Review of Fundamentals

Units of measurement; AC generation; power and energy; effects of inductance and capacitance; reactive power; power factor; voltage drop and 3-phase systems.

7502 Power Transmission

Characteristics of overhead lines; characteristics of high voltage cables; effect of line inductance and shunt capacitance; line voltage drop; line charging; Ferranti effect; power angle; substations; bus configurations; transformers and switchgear.

7503 System Voltage Control

Requirement for vars; var generation; system voltage drop; voltage compensation; transformer taps; application of capacitors, reactors, synchronous condensers; static var compensators; S.I.L.; voltage collapse.

7504 System Frequency and Tie-Line Control

Synchronism; balancing power demand and supply; frequency variation; effect of line and/or generation outages; power transfer limitations; turbine governor characteristics; isolated systems; large interconnected systems and automatic generation control.

7505 Power Dispatching

System load flow; load forecast; scheduling daily generation; unit commitment; and stand-by capacity; spinning reserve; the cost factor (economic dispatch); unit merit order or bid price; power interchange; traditional pricing; methods of interchange and effect of variances in plant availability.

7506 System Security

Equipment availability; effect of interruptions or outages; need for planning system configuration; equipment limitations; contingency studies; power flow studies; maintaining reserve capacity; co-ordination of planned outages and control of system switching.

7507 Operating Under Abnormal Conditions

Loss of generation; line interruption; load rejection; over voltage; concurrent problems; defining operating status: normal, alert, emergency; voltage and frequency control under abnormal operating conditions, overload, instability, loss of synchronism, operator actions; load shedding, sectionalizing.

7508 System Restoration

Bringing reserves into service; start-up and rate of loading limitations on turbine generators; cold load pick-up inrush; switching sequence; control of islands; synchronizing islands to restore system, voltage and frequency control during restoration.

7509 Monitoring and control Communications

Techniques of communication; speed of communication; carrier schemes; SCADA systems; RTU installations; operator interface and application software programs.

7510 Transmission System Protection

Fault characteristics; changing parameters; objectives of protection; grounding practice; types of protection; applications to generators, transformers, bus and lines.

7511 The effect of Deregulation on System Operation

Objectives of deregulation; the power pool; generation bidding and scheduling; calculation of pool price; bilateral agreements; hedging contracts; open access transmission; support services.

7512 Power Dispatch Under Deregulation

Provision of and payment for availability; spinning reserve; system support; reactive power; system imbalance; compensation for transmission constraints and converting commercial transactions into dispatching operations.

7513 Transmission Control

FERC rules on transmission access; organization and function of ISOs; transmission pricing; contracted power transfer; degree of firmness contracted; parallel transmission paths; software programs; OASIS, and GATT.

7514 Controlling to NERC Standards: Interconnection Operation

This L&K training module is outstanding in scope and content - regarding interconnected system operation. This is an excellent foundation for a beginner understanding of interconnected system operations. This module is also an excellent review for more experienced system operations personnel.
This content includes the basics of interconnected system operations, introductions to key NERC Standards, a guide in understanding automatic generation control (AGC), interchange transactions, time error correction, system reliability, system monitoring, and basics of control performance measurement.

7515 System Operator Certification (SOC)

This new interactive module is aimed at helping System Operators and Dispatchers reinforce their base of sound operating practice, which will assist them in preparation for NERC/NAERO Certification Testing. The material is based on the NERC Certification outline, which is covered in the various modules in L&K's Transmission System Operation (TSO) training series.
System Operator Certification draws together all the elements of the TSO program, by focusing on the system operator's task through a series of challenging and engaging questions. The operators also benefit through exposure to an examination environment prior to taking official certification testing.
This is an excellent choice for both those new to operations and to those experienced personnel ready for a review. The exams and realistic problems provide a challenge for all.

7516 Controlling to NERC Standards: Generation Control and Performance

This L&K training module firmly grasps the control and performance requirements of a Balancing Authority Area. This is a great review for experienced system operators as well as for new operators in a generation, transmission, or balancing authority role.
The subjects center upon the newest NERC Standards, details of ACE, control performance criteria, contingency reserve, the effects of frequency excursions, system monitoring, and disturbance control requirements.
The exams and realistic problems will be a challenge and a benefit to all.
This is an excellent choice for almost anyone associated with grid operations.

 7517 Controlling to NERC Standards: Aspects of System Operation

NERC Policies 2, 4 & 5; reliability coordinators & operating security; maintaining system voltage; Define terms on diagram; data exchanged between neighboring control areas and the security coordinators; coordination of maintenance; coordination of system protection; operational security information; operating security limits: SOL & IROL; NERC Hotline; energy emergencies & restoration priority; disturbance analysis & reporting; sabotage detection & reporting.

7518 Controlling to NERC Standards: Power System Transactions and Coordination

This L&K training module provides insight into interchange transactions and e-tagging. This is considered to be a foundation to anyone in the business of scheduling or controlling a grid component.
The subjects include interchange scheduling, e-tagging, roles and responsibilities for generation, scheduling, transmission, and balancing entities, coordination of interchange, making modifications and cancellations, telecommunications requirements, and great coverage of the related NERC Standards.